🌍 Transparency & Public Reference
In line with the principles of transparency, accountability and scientific integrity, all analytical documents within the Green AC&DC Energy™ programme are made publicly available.
Each sectoral report represents an independent calculation prepared by Lirim Muharemi, based on verifiable energy data and conservative estimates within the European framework.
This public disclosure serves three essential purposes:
- 1️⃣ to ensure credibility and reproducibility of the results,
- 2️⃣ to provide reference material for European institutions, partners and investors,
- 3️⃣ to protect intellectual authorship and innovation rights through open publication.
Together, these documents form the official analytical foundation of the Green AC&DC Energy™ initiative, supporting the European objectives of REPowerEU, LIFE CET 2025–2027, and the broader transition towards efficient, affordable and transparent energy use across Europe.
⚡ Green AC&DC Energy™ – EU Total Effect Summary –
How to get started with Green AC&DC Energy™
Use the EU Total Effect Summary and Δ-Indicator™ results as a technical and strategic base for your next steps.
- Read the Executive Summary of the programme and understand the core concept.
- Review sectoral calculations, potential savings and CO₂ impact relevant to your portfolio.
- Identify potential pilot sites (hotels, retail chains, industrial facilities or households).
- Contact us to explore licensing, ESCO collaboration or co-investment in pilot projects.
⚡ Executive Summary – Green AC&DC Energy™
Green AC&DC Energy™ is a European innovation programme focused on reducing electricity consumption in cooling and other electric systems by combining hybrid AC&DC solutions with real-world measurements (Δ-Indicator™ / ΔE*).
- Problem: Most electrical devices are optimised and rated under laboratory conditions, while in real life they consume significantly more energy than declared.
- Solution: Green AC&DC Energy™ introduces hybrid AC&DC concepts and a practical measurement tool (Δ-Indicator™ / ΔE*) to reveal the gap between declared and actual consumption and to close it in practice.
- Scope: The programme covers households, hospitality, retail, and industry – with a special focus on cooling systems (refrigerators, minibars, freezers, vending machines, professional dishwashers, etc.).
- EU context: The initiative is aligned with LIFE Clean Energy Transition, REPowerEU and the EU Green Deal, and has been formally acknowledged by the European Commission’s DG ENER (Ref. Ares(2025)8545086).
- Goal: To unlock large-scale, verifiable energy savings across Europe, reduce pressure on the grid and make electricity more affordable, without compromising comfort or safety.
Δ-Indicator™ / ΔE* – Executive Summary
The Δ-Indicator™ / ΔE* is a practical tool that measures the difference between declared and actual electricity consumption of devices and systems in real operating conditions.
- It translates complex technical behaviour into a simple, comparable metric (ΔE*), showing how much energy is saved when modern, optimised technologies replace outdated ones.
- It complements – rather than replaces – existing EU energy labels by adding the “real-life performance” dimension that users, ESCOs and policymakers urgently need.
- It enables transparent evaluation of pilots, tenders and retrofits under LIFE CET, Horizon Europe and national ESCO programmes.
- It supports a systemic view: from individual devices (e.g. hotel minibars, household refrigerators) to entire buildings and portfolios (hotels, supermarkets, public buildings).
- It can become a common reference language for producers, ESCOs, regulators and investors when they negotiate energy savings, payback periods and performance guarantees.
NOTE: ΔE* is part of the Green AC&DC Energy™ Δ-Indicator™ methodology, developed by Lirim Muharemi to quantify and present real energy, cost and CO₂ savings across different sectors.
The Green AC&DC Energy™ programme demonstrates that the greatest untapped energy resource in Europe is not new generation capacity, but a systematic reduction of permanent, unnecessary consumption. Across millions of buildings, devices remain active 24/7, even when not needed. By optimising these “permanent energy elements”, Europe can achieve unprecedented savings – without new power plants, simply through smarter use of existing energy.
2️⃣ Key sectoral calculations
| Sector | TWh/y | €bn/y | MtCO₂/y | GW |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Households | ≈ 265.4 | ≈ 31.8 | ≈ 66.4 | ≈ 30.3 |
| Retail & Supermarkets | ≈ 13.7 | ≈ 1.6 | ≈ 3.4 | ≈ 1.56 |
| Hotels – professional systems | ≈ 10.5 | ≈ 1.26 | ≈ 2.6 | ≈ 1.20 |
| Hotels – permanent elements | ≈ 6.6 | ≈ 0.79 | ≈ 1.6 | ≈ 0.75 |
| Hospitals | ≈ 3.3 | ≈ 0.39 | ≈ 0.82 | ≈ 0.38 |
| Restaurants & catering | ≈ 14.6 | ≈ 1.75 | ≈ 3.65 | ≈ 1.67 |
| Public sector (schools, ministries) | ≈ 0.33 | ≈ 0.04 | ≈ 0.08 | ≈ 0.04 |
| Industry | ≈ 2.4 | ≈ 0.29 | ≈ 0.60 | ≈ 0.27 |
Assumptions & Sources
Scope: EU-27 households, hospitality, retail & light industry; 2024–2027 rollout scenarios.
Key inputs: Device stock, kWh/device/y, load factors, grid losses, ΔE* improvement factors.
Sources: Eurostat (energy balances), IEA, JRC technical reports, manufacturer test data, internal pilots.
Method: Bottom-up calculation by segment → aggregation; sensitivity ±10–20% (tech adoption, load profile).
3️⃣ Combined EU impact
Total energy savings: ≈ 316 TWh/year
Total cost savings: ≈ 37.9 billion €/year
CO₂ reduction: ≈ 77 million tons CO₂/year
Power equivalent: ≈ 36 GW (≈ 12 large nuclear plants)
This equals the combined capacity of around 30 large nuclear power plants that Europe would not need to build, if resources and attention were directed towards eliminating unnecessary consumption and upgrading existing devices.
“One device in every home can replace thirty power plants — if money is directed in the right way.” — Lirim Muharemi, Green AC&DC Energy™
*All values are indicative and based on conservative Green AC&DC Energy™ scenarios (0.12 €/kWh, 0.25 kg CO₂/kWh and an average permanent load of 150–250 W per unit).*
CO₂ emission factor note: Unless otherwise stated, EU-level CO₂ reductions in this summary are calculated using an average factor of 0.25 kg CO₂ per kWh of electricity, corresponding to an indicative EU grid mix. For country- or region-specific analyses, this factor is adapted to official emission factors published by competent authorities or recognised databases.
📄 Available Analytical Documents
Each document represents a detailed energy analysis prepared under the Green AC&DC Energy™ programme by Lirim Muharemi. The studies are structured by sector and form the analytical backbone of the EU-wide implementation strategy.
EU Total Effect Summary
- PDF Energy Truth – Green AC&DC Energy™
- PDF Retail & Supermarkets – Optimisation of Permanent Energy Elements
- PDF Hotels – Professional Systems
- PDF Hotels – Permanent Energy Elements
- PDF Hospitals – Permanent Energy Elements
- PDF Restaurants & Catering – Energy Optimisation
- PDF Public Sector (Schools, Ministries) – Energy Optimisation
- PDF Industry – Permanent Energy Systems
*All documents are official working papers of the Green AC&DC Energy™ programme – Ref. Ares(2025)8545086 – DG ENER / LIFE CET 2025–2027.*
⚙️ Methodology in Brief
The figures presented in this summary are based on conservative, EU-wide scenarios calculated under the Green AC&DC Energy™ methodology. All results represent indicative system-level effects and illustrate the potential savings achievable through hybrid AC/DC optimization.
- Source data: Eurostat and ENTSO-E statistics for EU-27 electricity consumption.
- Electricity price reference: €0.12 per kWh.
- CO₂ factor: 0.25 kg CO₂ / kWh (EU grid average).
- Average permanent load: 150–250 W per unit.
- Efficiency improvement: 15–25 % reduction of conversion and distribution losses.
Interpretation: All values are indicative and non-binding. They represent achievable potential under full-scale implementation of the Green AC&DC Energy™ system across the EU.